Unclaimed Benefits: A Significant Issue for Seniors

Billions of dollars in federal and state assistance go unclaimed every year — largely because eligible seniors simply don't know these programs exist or assume they won't qualify. If you're living on a fixed income, exploring these benefits is not just worthwhile; it's smart financial planning.

Eligibility requirements vary by program, state, and household situation. This overview introduces the most widely available programs — always check with the relevant agency or a benefits counselor for your specific circumstances.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Formerly known as food stamps, SNAP provides monthly funds loaded onto an EBT card to help purchase groceries. Many seniors on fixed incomes qualify, and the application process has become simpler in recent years. Income and asset limits apply and vary by state. Apply through your state's SNAP agency or at benefits.gov.

Medicare Savings Programs (MSPs)

These are state-administered programs that help lower-income Medicare beneficiaries pay for Medicare premiums, deductibles, and copayments. There are four levels:

  • Qualified Medicare Beneficiary (QMB): Covers Part A and Part B premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance.
  • Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary (SLMB): Covers Part B premiums only.
  • Qualifying Individual (QI): Also covers Part B premiums — funded on a first-come, first-served basis.
  • Qualified Disabled and Working Individuals (QDWI): Covers Part A premiums for certain disabled working individuals.

Apply through your state Medicaid office. Even if you don't think you'll qualify, it's worth applying — income limits are higher than many people expect.

Extra Help for Medicare Part D (Low Income Subsidy)

This federal program helps people with limited income and resources pay for Medicare prescription drug coverage. It can dramatically reduce prescription costs — sometimes to just a few dollars per medication. Apply through the Social Security Administration at ssa.gov or call 1-800-772-1213.

Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP)

LIHEAP helps eligible low-income households pay heating and cooling energy costs. It can also provide funds for energy crisis situations (like an unexpected large heating bill). The program is federally funded but administered by states, so eligibility and benefit amounts vary. Contact your state's LIHEAP office or search through benefits.gov.

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

SSI provides monthly cash payments to adults 65 and older (as well as people with disabilities) who have limited income and resources. It is separate from Social Security retirement benefits, though many people receive both. Receiving SSI often automatically qualifies you for Medicaid and food assistance programs as well.

Programs of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

PACE is a comprehensive care program for people who are 55 or older, certified by their state to need nursing-home-level care, and who are able to safely live in their community. It integrates medical, social, and long-term support services. PACE is available in many states and is covered by Medicare and Medicaid for eligible participants.

Property Tax Relief Programs

Many states and local governments offer property tax exemptions, freezes, or deferrals for seniors. These programs are managed at the state and county level, so benefits vary widely. Contact your county assessor's office or state department of revenue to find out what's available where you live. These savings can be substantial for homeowners on fixed incomes.

How to Find What You Qualify For

Rather than researching each program individually, use these free tools to get a personalized overview of potential benefits:

  • BenefitsCheckUp (ncoa.org/benefits-checkup): A free tool from the National Council on Aging that screens for over 2,500 federal, state, and local programs.
  • Benefits.gov: The official U.S. government benefits portal.
  • Your local Area Agency on Aging: Find yours at eldercare.acl.gov or call the Eldercare Locator at 1-800-677-1116.

A benefits counselor at your local Area Agency on Aging can walk you through eligibility and help with applications at no cost — one of the most valuable free services available to older adults.